Mummification when the Pharaohs
Ways and the embalming three types : -
When a man dies in ancient Egypt attached to his name in the name of Auxerre , the first thing that happens that is moving folks of the deceased to the place of embalming, and ask them for embalming Faardon them models of small wooden phrase for accurate simulation of the mummies , and explain to them the first type of embalming which overstress the price and is known as " embalming Osiris "
Then give them second type , a less تانقا and less expense than its predecessor , and then give them the third type is cheaper species is defined embalmers relatives of the deceased who desire to go out after the agreement on the wages of mummification.
Way mummification First : -
Is the expensive way that was used for kings and the wealthy , who were to be luxuriously Thanithm reference to what was downloaded them from a height and respect between bone strength and innovated steps in this method are as follows : -
First disarming the brain : -
Where there is a hole left open the nose in the nasal cavity skull , and enters the drill bit at the end of a hook leads to fragmentation of the brain, and are directed by the brain gradually through the scheduled end of rope in a spiral pattern .
Or sometimes was Imlye the cranial cavity fluid dissolves what's inside is to take it out , and sometimes the process was directed by the brain from the nose are less carefully , they remain parts of it in the back of the skull. They were filling the place of the brain even cotton face retains its original shape .
Perhaps they fill the hollow part (place brain ) Bettayeb and pine and gum use for this purpose tool of stone or wooden or metal probably Istkhrjo what inside the brain by rods of iron then they will emerge as you can take it out and stayed changed lift drugs in the cavities of the skull .
Other times it is the events of that hole through the occipital region " , which is located behind the head ," and despite the difficulty of this process , but it was necessary because the brain of the first tissues to rot after death .
For the ears , eyes , nose and mouth , was not filled with linen soaked in wax either face was covered with a thick layer of wax to maintain the integrity of the skin of the skin .
Second: - abdominal incision : -
And then the body was placed on a rectangular wooden table know the embalming material . And then open the left side of the abdomen and According to the Herawadt of , was being Open , then Istkhrjo Hollow except for the heart because it Lists which the deceased held accountable ,
And kidneys Mahfoztin within the peritoneal membrane and then cleaning the abdomen Igliunha of or either they leave is free and thoracic cavity or put where wine - Balah and aromatic drugs , and filled with linen saturated aromatic substances .
Almarochn Greeks fired on the people who are doing the job name " Albarschyst " The purpose was to get rid of everything that can lead to speed body rot and was used to do this part a sharp piece of stone which they call the old " stone of Ethiopia ."
In addition to the extraction of the liver , stomach and finally lungs were Tstkhrja the incision in the diaphragm and also not not embalmers subjected to colleges Mahfoztin peritoneal membrane so it was difficult to reach them by searching handwork blind . The intestines filled usually with dates and Allaison and onions after being washed in palm wine and then fills the chest cavity with salt Nitrite even get wet and Anha where body fluids and change hubs constantly whenever the afflicted and addresses of the body aromatherapy and palm wine and stuffed cut linen saturated with resin and sawdust , myrrh, cinnamon , onion and other material gain smell good and then painted the body from the outside resin fusible plug pores and then sewing the hole in the abdomen and put the corpse in a substance Natrun 70 days , then Igslunha solution of salt , a process ritualistic and funerary addition to their usefulness purely physical , and where wash the body with water and Taiob according to the rites of limited , and intimate priests specialize , this process is accompanied by prayers and special funerary texts , and then the body becomes clean and pure of Conception earthly life . Finally damage cut linen was placed between these scrolls amulets made of stones stones so as to confirm the province for the dead , protect and were placed in certain placements , these include amulets eyes laptop on the eyelids , and covers of gold fingers , panels thoracic and belts Isis and so on. And possibly affect some scrolls of mummies disrepair and that tends to wrap the body is still wet. The wound on the left side of the form differed from one era to another , and sometimes there is no open flesh is probably the explanation that was folk greats leave entrails place , for example the " Queen Aashit " Wife King Montuhotep " one of the kings of the 11th Dynasty .
Third: -
Then open loin with a sharp knife of Alzer and stone Istkhrjo of this hole contents Hollow then Anzvoh of all waste and put it in the wine - Balah
In of aromatic and Imlioha drugs Palmer pure powder and aromatics it does not enter into it then sewing the hole and put the body in ways Natrun .
Fourth: - drying process : -
The main idea of mummification is drying the corpse to prevent microbial anaerobic growth of the tissues , it is worth mentioning that at the moment and after the development and progress solving the world appeared other types of embalming such as keeping the bodies cooling or drying arteries liquid killer microbes to be published in all tissues of the body slowly Faihfezha of decomposition . But still the way in which defined and used by the ancient Egyptians , a conservation drying , remains one of the toughest roads because the human body is known as containing 75 % of it water and it was difficult to perform this process and get rid of all this amount of water that can dl it shows how bone and the superiority of the ancient Egyptians and in the process mentions us Herawadt it after placing the body on the table , which was a table italics surface with a small stone Atney tank to collect the water emerging from the body is heading for the drying process , it is the whole body immersion in salt Natrun . This process takes 40 days anniversary session of the deceased , when Muslims and Christians now.
Thus, the observance of the occasion origin Pharaonic Old After expiry of that period were washing the corpse with a solution of salt Nitrite and then paint materials oily , aromatic intended to re- measure of flexibility to the body and give him a smell and may also address the carcass whole resin melt to fill pores will prevent it entering air humidity where taxi and then a layer of colors above the resin layer .
Fifth: - wrap the body Ballvaúv : -
After the exhumation dried comes the final phase of stuffed also mentions Herawadt , namely, wrapped the corpse covered with pieces of linen in the gum , resin to ensure sticking to each other and the body , the body also gives the smell of ointments. Experience has proved many scientists chemistry and medicine health and Madoa of him embalmed corpse was wrapped the fingers of the hands and feet herself , and after the completion of this take on the entire body wrap shroud up to hundreds of meters long .... And finally ruled that wraps around the carcass layer of other tapes made of thick canvas and take directions conflicting seems as if the network takes the body to be a lap external they care for to be sweetened drawings and inscriptions Hirogylvah utmost creativity and workmanship during every step of the foregoing was shed more resin and paint over these coffins to ensure sticking and also was placed , including mascots . There is no doubt that the process of winding mummy Ballvaúv the ritual nature and because it was per roll mantra recited during a body wrap by example
" For You brought oil , it gives your mouth life, vision eye he gives you your ears to hear what you love , it gives you unscrew Inhalation Eye Perfume "
Thus, after the completion of the preparation of the mummy , which generally looks as rectangular package was handed over to her family where placed in a wooden box and then be buried .
Way mummification second : -
Not all people want to overvalued in the work of mummification , but they were among classes Ictfo in the mummification process , including the body from damage remains . For this is the way a few Alinkalev was done by injecting cavity of the deceased quantities of oil, cider - cedar wood - and are syringe without a doubt the body but through the anus in the flesh , but this oil role to dissolve the internal organs so it fills the anus to completely prevent the fall of oil ... Then bathes the body in Salt Natron for a period seventy days after which the exhumation and then opens the anus again coming from oil , which attracts him entrails after decomposition in the form of liquid heavy, as the salt Nitrite has led his role in the melt body tissues so as not to be enduring it only a skeleton covered with skin and the completion of processing a carcass on this method are placed in Vaúvha mostly then handed over to her family for burial .
Way mummification third : -
Represents the embalming of the poor who can not afford the large expenditure which is about the process of the human belly wash . Herodotus did not mention her name, and by being injected in the body , and some scientists believe that this article is horseradish oil and then convince the body in Natron salt for seventy days , received at the end of the mummy to her family for burial .
NB : -
There is a fourth type of embalming degree lower than the previous three types Herodotus did not speak with him but he was using the ancient Egyptians by making bodies of the poor in the coil mixed compounds protect the body from rotting and damage a specific time . And then buried in a sandy place at a depth of approximately 1 meter have found the bodies of stuffed on this case .
The next episode will complete the stages of mummification
The rites and rituals associated with the process of mummification
Securing means keeping the body after embalmed
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